Copyright (C) by Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad.
Humanistic Nursing
(Meta-theoretical Essays on Practice)
by Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad
Copyright (C) by Josephine Paterson and sLoretta Zderad all rights reserved except as follows. This e-text may be freely copied for academic and scholarly work with the copyright notice clearly affixed to all copies. No commercial use may be made of any part of the text without the express permission of the copyright holders.
This e-text version of the classic text "Humanistic Nursing" is made available with the kind permission of the authors and copyright holders, Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad. The book was originally written to define the Humanistic Nursing Theory which presented a way for each nurse to become-more as a person and to extend that becoming-more to the community of nurses in which he or she practices. The offering of this book in the "free" e-text format reiterates the continuing contribution of these two nurses long after their retirement from practice. It is their hope that nurses everywhere will take their vision for nursing and expand on it and integrate it into their nursing practice. At the re
Humanistic Nursing Theory: Paterson & Zderad
Josephine Paterson & Loretta Zderad
Background
Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad earned first diplomas in nursing, then Bachelor's degrees in Nursing education before continuing to graduate programs. Their career as nursing academics got started in the s, when they were both employed at Catholic University where they met. They continued to work together and remained friends for the next 40 years. They later continued onto their doctorate degrees in the s.
While pursuing their doctorate degrees, they found that they had difficulty communicating their experiential view of nursing, and wanted to do so through a positivistic, scientific nursing theory approach. With this goal in mind, they began combining their knowledge of nursing and nursing theory with existential and phenomenological philosophies that they were both interested in. Through this addition of phenomenological philosophy applied to nursing, they believed they could articulate their process and personal theories of nursing.
By , they had begun to define their theory and what it was that made it unique as an approach to nursing. They then began t
Teorias de enfermagem: a filosofia do cuidado | Colunista
A enfermagem é a ciência e a arte do cuidar, cujo objetivo principal é prestar o cuidado à família, à comunidade e ao ser humano em todas as suas fases da vida (1).
Como toda ciência requer sua filosofia própria e assim como existe na Física várias teorias, como a Teoria Especial da Relatividade de Albert Einstein, na enfermagem existem as Teorias de Enfermagem.
Com o avanço da profissão, na década de 50 e 60 surgiram as primeiras teorias de enfermagem (2), procurando relacionar fatos e estabelecer bases científicas para atuação de enfermagem (3). Esse movimento iniciou quando os enfermeiros começaram a refletir sobre a prática e a definição de enfermagem, buscando por respostas as questões, tais como: “O que é enfermagem? ” ou “O que fazem os enfermeiros? ”. Essa busca por respostas e a análise dessas questões, resultou nas teorias de enfermagem (4).
O esquema abaixo apresenta o histórico das etapas que a enfermagem seguiu para alcançar a filosofia própria de sua ciência – a filosofia do cuidado (4).
PRÁTICA → EDUCAÇÃO → ADMINISTRAÇÃO → TEORIZAÇÃO → FILOSOFIA DO CUIDADO
Ao longo de sua história, a enfer
Humanistic Model
Many models or approaches to nursing look at the patient as a whole person rather than simply an illness or injury. This approach, called a holistic or humanistic approach, helps foster mental and emotional health in addition to physical health.
Humanistic nursing theories have a foundation in the belief that patients can grow in a healthy and creative way. The model was created by Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad. Paterson and Zderad believed nursing education should be founded in experience,
and that a nurse&#;s training should focus as much on the nurse&#;s ability to relate to and interact with patients as a scientific and medical background.
This approach to nursing places an emphasis on the nurse-patient relationship, in which both people influence the outcome of the nursing interventions. The function of the nursing approach shows that the relationship between the nurse and patient has as much to do with the patient&#;s healing as medical interventions. Humanistic nursing focuses closely on how the relationship between the patient and nurse develops in addition the patient&#;s physical and mental health.
The humanistic model of nursing looks at
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