Emile Durkheim
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Biographie d'Emile Durkheim
Emile Durkheim est né à Epinal (Vosges) dans une famille juive pratiquante, son père était rabbin. Agnostique et ne voulant pas devenir rabbin, il entre à l'Ecole Normale Supérieure et obtient l'agrégation de philosophie en Il enseigne le droit et la philosophie avant d'entreprendre la rédaction d'ouvrages de sociologie et d'enseigner cette matière nouvelle à Bordeaux, puis à la Sorbonne à partir de
Emile Durkheim est considéré comme le fondateur de la sociologie moderne pour avoir réussi à associer la théorie et la recherche empirique. Influencé par le positivisme d'Auguste Comte (), il énonça la spécificité du fait social, indépendance du groupe par rapport aux hommes qui le composent et considère les faits moraux comme des faits sociaux. Ses cours et ses écrits traitent de la solidarité sociale, du suicide, du fait moral et religieux, des méthodes pédagogiques.
Pour Emile Durkheim, les phénomènes religieux sont caractérisés par le sacré, représentation collective et impersonnel qui correspond à une transfiguration de la société qui
Émile Durkheim (—)
Émile Durkheim was a French sociologist who rose to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Along with Karl Marx and Max Weber, he is credited as being one of the principal founders of modern sociology. Chief among his claims is that society is a sui generis reality, or a reality unique to itself and irreducible to its composing parts. It is created when individual consciences interact and fuse together to create a synthetic reality that is completely new and greater than the sum of its parts. This reality can only be understood in sociological terms, and cannot be reduced to biological or psychological explanations. The fact that social life has this quality would form the foundation of another of Durkheim’s claims, that human societies could be studied scientifically. For this purpose he developed a new methodology, which focuses on what Durkheim calls “social facts,” or elements of collective life that exist independently of and are able to exert an influence on the individual. Using this method, he published influential works on a number of topics. He is most well known as the author of On the Division of Social Labor, The Rules of
WORKS BY DURKHEIM WORKS ABOUT DURKHEIM Émile Durkheim (–) may be called one of the two principal founders of the modern phase of sociological theory, the other being his somewhat younger contemporary Max Weber. In his four major works, starting with The Division of Labor in Society of and ending with The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life of , and in a large number of articles, monographs, and carefully worked out courses of lectures (several of which have been published posthumously), Durkheim established a broad framework for the analysis of social systems that has remained central to sociology and a number of related disciplines, particularly anthropology, ever since. Even those who basically disagree with it take it as a major point of reference. This frame of analysis underwent substantial development in the course of Durkheim’s own career, but it focused continually on the nature of the social system and the relation of that system to the personality of the individual. Durkheim was born in the town of Épinal in the Vosges, not far from Strasbourg. He was of Jewish parentage, and some of his forebears were rabbis. Indeed he was expected to be a
Émile Durkheim est né le 15 avril à Épinal (Vosges), dans une famille de rabbins. Brillant élève au collège de cette ville, il se décida très tôt pour le professorat, prépara au lycée Louis-le-Grand l&#;École normale où il entra en Il y trouva, parmi ses condisciples, Henri Bergson, Maurice Blondel, Jean Jaurès, Pierre Janet. Il n&#;aima pas le climat de l&#;École : les jeunes normaliens lui paraissaient s&#;abandonner à une philosophie superficielle. Il eut cependant pour deux de ses professeurs, Fustel de Coulanges et Émile Boutroux, une admiration réelle. C&#;est surtout par la lecture qu&#;il découvrit ses véritables maîtres : Herbert Spencer, Charles Renouvier et surtout Auguste Comte. De Spencer et de Comte, il retint le modèle d&#;une recherche sur les lois guidant l&#;évolution des sociétés. De Comte, il conserva la préoccupation de constituer la sociologie en une discipline autonome, ayant son champ d&#;application propre. De Renouvier, il hérita l&#;idée de faire de la morale une science positive. Ces trois préoccupations constituent des traits permanents de l&#;œuvre de Durkheim. Dans De la division du travail s
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Durkheim, Émile
DURKHEIM ÉMILE ()
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