Zetkin, Clara (–)
German feminist and Marxist whose political activities made an important contribution to the development of European socialism. Name variations: Klara Zetkin. Born Clara Eissner on July 5, , at Niederlau, Saxony, Germany; died on June 20, , in Moscow, Soviet Union; eldest daughter of Gottfried Eissner (a teacher) and Josephine (Vitale) Eissner (a teacher); attended Van Steyber Institute, Leipzig, Germany, graduated as teacher; married Ossip Zetkin, in ; children: Maxim (b. ) and Konstantin (b. ).
"Anti-socialist law" introduced in Germany (); delivered first speech on women's issues (); attended first congress of the 2nd International (); appointed editor of Die Gleichheit (); appointed to executive committee of the German Social Democratic Party (); attended first International Socialist Women's conference (); outbreak of WWI (); joined German Communist Party, founding of 3rd International (); Nazi seizure of power in Germany ().
Selected writings:
numerous contributions to newspapers and journals such as Der Sozialdemokrat, Die Neue Zeit, Die Gleichheit, Leipziger Volkzeitung; most significant writings and speeches reprinted in Clara Zetkin,
With her struggle for working class women’s emancipation, Clara Zetkin () became one of the most important leaders of the socialist women’s movement in late nineteenth century and early twentieth century Germany. She and her contemporaries began to approach women’s emancipation not just as in issue of women’s rights, but also as a socioeconomic issue that demanded political and economic reforms for women and men alike.
Clara Zetkin (née Eissner) was born in July in Wiederau, Saxony, Her father was a schoolmaster and her mother was born to a well-educated middle-class family from Leipzig. Zetkin studied to be a teacher at the Leipzig Teacher’s College for Women. Perhaps influenced by her upbringing and social class, it was during her time there that she became involved with the women’s movement and the in she joined the Socialist Workers&#; Party (SAP), which changes its name to Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in
In , German chancellor Otto von Bismarck banned all SPD activity in an attempt to curb the party’s power in the government. Following this act, Zetkin and other leading members of the SPD had to leave Germany to avoid persecution and prison. Zetkin migrated
The revolutionary life of Clara Zetkin
Clara Zetkin was a leading Marxist thinker and organizer in the late 19th and early 20th century. Her ideas and activism remain relevant to all those who want to take on the far-right and build a working class movement to challenge oppression and dismantle capitalism.
An organized socialist
Clara Zetkin, was born on July 5, in Wiederau (Saxony) Germany. Zetkin was born into a middle-class family. Her father was a local schoolteacher and her mother, Josephine Vitale, was involved in the bourgeois women’s movement. Zetkin, however, diverged from her mothers’ bourgeois feminist leanings. She became a member of the Socialist Workers’ Party (Sozialistischen Arbeiterpartei) after engaging with a circle of Russian socialists in Leipzig, which was a German epicentre of socialist organizing.
Zetkin held a membership in both the bookbinders union in Stuttgart and in the tailors and seamstresses’ union. Zetkin was active in organizing women in trade unions. Her divergence from her family’s bourgeois feminism started after her visit to Russia, and her work for the banned socialist movement in Leipzig, Germany. During
Zetkin, Clara
By Christina Morina
Clara Zetkin ()
Clara Zetkin was a prominent feminist leader within the German social democratic movement and the Socialist International.
Unknown photographer: Klara Zetkin, postcard, Berlin, ; source: Deutsches Historisches Museum, GOS-Nr. JU,
© DHM (Inventarnr. F 51/), Berlin.
Zetkin, Clara
German social democratic politician, feminist, journalist, writer
Born 05 July in Wiederau, Germany
Died 20 June in Arkhangelskoye, Russia
Summary
Referred to as the “grandmother of German communism” at the time of her death in by the Manchester Guardian, Clara Zetkin was a prominent feminist leader within the German social democratic movement and the Socialist International in the turbulent decades between the rise of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in the s and the seizure of power by Lenin’s Bolshevik Party at the end of World War I.Early Career
Clara Josephine Zetkin (), neé Eißner, was born in Saxony, the eldest daughter of a modest bourgeois family. Her parents adhered as much to Lutheran religiosity as to a liberal-humanist worldview and provided their children with the best possible education. They moved to Leipzig
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