Walter Houser Brattain
(Amoy, China, - Seattle, Estados Unidos, ) Físico estadounidense cuyos trabajos sobre los semiconductores resultarían fundamentales para el desarrollo de la electrónica. Tras una primera etapa en el Instituto Nacional de Modelos y Tecnología, en empezó a trabajar como físico en los laboratorios de la Compañía Telefónica Bell.
John Bardeen, William Shockley y Walter Brattain ()
Su principal campo de investigación fue el estudio de las propiedades de las superficies de los sólidos, y en particular el de la estructura atómica de un material a nivel superficial, la cual difiere de la del interior. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial formó parte de la División de Investigación de Guerra de la Universidad de Columbia, donde estudió la detección magnética de submarinos.
Terminada la guerra volvió a los laboratorios Bell y, trabajando en colaboración con otros eminentes físicos, prosiguió investigando en la línea anterior, centrando principalmente su estudio en el silicio y el germanio. En comparti
Scientist of the Day - Walter Brattain
Walter Brattain (first image), an American physicist, was born on February 10, in Amoy (present-day Xiamen), China, where his father had been hired as a math teacher at a private school. Both of his parents had grown up in the state of Washington, and a year after Walter was born, they decided to return to the Pacific Northwest in order to be closer to their families. As a result, Brattain spent most of his childhood on a cattle ranch near the Canadian border, where he became a skilled rider and marksman. In , Brattain matriculated at Whitman College, a liberal arts school in Walla Walla, Washington. He majored in physics and, after graduation, pursued a master’s degree in the subject at the University of Oregon and a doctorate at the University of Minnesota. At the time, America was considered something of a scientific backwater, but Brattain arrived in Minneapolis just in time to attend some of the first quantum mechanics classes in the United States. This coursework, along with the laboratory experience he acquired while working on his dissertation, enabled him to secure a position at Bell Labs, the research and development branch of
Walter Brattain Family Papers
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Scope and Contents
The Walter Brattain Family Papers is divided into two sections: materials created by Walter Brattain in the context of his profession and career (series ), and materials created by the Brattain family (series ).
The Walter Brattain papers contain correspondence between Brattain and his collaborators, Bell Laboratories, Nobel Prize-related correspondence, and letters to other Whitman College alumni. Brattain’s writings include his autobiography, speeches, and scientific publications. In addition, the collection contains materials related to his teaching career, research notes, numerous awards and honors, and travels to conferences around the world. The collection also contains photographs of college and reunions, dinner ceremonies and awards, scientific experiments, transistors, and conference trips, specifically those to China and Europe. Rounding out the collection are published scientific papers, awards and diplomas, newspaper clippings, and audio and video recordings.
The Brattain family papers include family histories, correspondence, writings, and ph
Brattain, Walter
Walter Brattain : Le héros méconnu de la révolution du transistor
Walter Houser Brattain, né en Chine en , est un nom souvent éclipsé par ses collègues John Bardeen et William Shockley dans les annales de l'histoire de l'électronique. Pourtant, sa contribution cruciale au développement du transistor, un dispositif qui a révolutionné le monde, ne peut être sous-estimée. Bien qu'on les désigne souvent comme "les inventeurs du transistor", Brattain a joué un rôle essentiel dans la découverte qui a finalement mené à la création de cette technologie révolutionnaire.
Le parcours de Brattain a débuté en physique, obtenant son doctorat de l'Université du Minnesota en Après un passage au National Bureau of Standards, il a rejoint Bell Labs en , où il a été affecté au nouveau groupe de recherche sur les semi-conducteurs dirigé par Shockley. C'est là que l'équipe s'est lancée dans une quête pour créer un amplificateur à semi-conducteurs, une alternative aux tubes à vide volumineux et peu fiables.
La percée est arrivée en décembre , avec Brattain et Bardeen au cœur de celle-ci. Travaillant avec une surface de germanium, ils ont découvert un phénomène inattendu : une pet
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