CHIANG KAI-SHEK: HIS LIFE, CAREER AND LEADERSHIP OF THE KUOMINTANG
CHIANG KAI-SHEK
Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi, ) took over as leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) after the death of Sun Yat-sen (b. ) in As leader of the Kuomintang and, from until , of China, Chiang Kai-shek inherited, among other things, the role of defining and strengthening Chinese nationalism, a force that he hoped to use to unify the Chinese people behind him and his government.
Chiang Kai-shek was a militarist and former warlord who opposed reform but was associated with reform and established a system described as Confucian fascism. One of Sun Yat-sen’s lieutenants from the early revolution days, he was married to Sun's sister-in-law, became the President of Chinese Republic in , battled the Communists for more than two decades, and ruled Taiwan from until his death in April Chiang’s name in Mandarin is Jiang Jieshi. Chiang Kai-shek is Yue dialect,
Chiang Kai-shek was regarded as a shrewd politician but a poor administrator. His life was defined by his battle against the Communists which took a variety of forms over the years. In many respect there wasn’t much that separated him from other
Chiang Kai-shek remains a divisive figure. Remembered as a war hero and founding father by some, for others he is best remembered as an authoritarian dictator. Chiang was a compatriot of Sun Yat-sen, remembered as the founding father of the Republic of China, and was also a member of the Kuomintang. Rising to become the Kuomintang’s military leader, he fought a war against the Chinese Communist Party and Japanese occupation, before retreating to Taiwan after defeat in the Chinese Civil War. There, he and his Kuomintang ruled in dictatorial fashion for decades in what was once the world’s longest martial law period, before his death in April
Facts & Information
Born
Oct. 31, , Xikou, Zhejiang
Died
April 5, , Taipei, Taiwan, of renal failure
Presidential Term
March 1, &#; April 5,
Nicknames
- The Generalissimo
- Jiang Jieshi (Mandarin pronunciation of name)
- Chiang Zhongzheng (posthumous name)
- Lord Chiang (honorific)
PLACES NAMED FOR CHIANG KAI-SHEK
- Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Airport (renamed Taoyuan International Airport in )
- Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial, Taipei
- Roads and city districts named “Zhon
Spartacus Educational
Primary Sources
(1) Su Kaiming, Modern China ()
After setting up his military headquarters at Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province, Chiang Kai-shek considered himself strong enough to defy the authority of the revolutionary Nationalist government at Wuhan, which was then dominated by Kuomintang left-wingers (including Mme. Sun Yat-sen) and Communists. In January , he demanded that the government be moved from Wuhan to Nanchang, where he was in complete control. In reply, the central committee of the Kuomintang at Wuhan took away his leading positions in the party, government and army in an attempt to prevent him from seizing all power.
Bankers from Shanghai, politicians representing various warlord governments and the agents of foreign imperialists all converged on Nanchang to offer Chiang their help. In secret talks he was promised a loan of 60,, Chinese dollars if he would break with the Communists and the Soviet Union and suppress the peasants and workers. Chiang quickly agreed.
In the early hours of April 12, , thousands of thugs from the underworld Green Gang came out of the International Settlement disguised as workers to attack the worke
Chiang Kai-shek ()
Chiang Kai-Shek, June ©Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese military and political leader who led the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) for five decades and was head of state of the Chinese Nationalist government between and
Chiang Kai-shek (also known as Jiang Jieshi) was born on 31 October in Zhejiang, an eastern coastal province of China. His father was a merchant. At the age of 18 he went to military training college in Japan. He returned to China in to take part in the uprising that overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established a Chinese republic. Chiang became a member of the Chinese Nationalist Party (known as the Kuomintang or KMT), founded by Sun Yat-sen.
Supported by Sun Yat-sen, Chiang was appointed commandant of the Whampoa Military Academy in Canton in , where he built up the Nationalist army. After Sun's death in , Chiang became leader of the KMT. He spearheaded the Northern Expedition which reunified most of China under a National Government based in Nanjing. In , he led the suppression of the Chinese Communist Party.
Chiang oversaw a modest programme of reform in China but the government's resources were focused on fighting internal op
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